Family: Polypodiaceae

Origin, Description & Uses
Native to eastern Queensland and northeastern New South Wales in Australia, Platycerium superbum (staghorn fern, giant staghorn) is a striking epiphytic fern prized for its dramatic appearance and ornamental value. This species grows naturally on tree trunks and branches, forming large shield-like basal fronds and long, arching fertile fronds that resemble antlers. It is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions as a decorative landscape and specimen plant, especially in hanging displays and mounted garden installations. In Hawai‘i, it has been observed naturalized in upper Nuʻuanu Valley on Oʻahu, where plants were found growing on tree branches near cultivated areas. Current observations suggest it is still in the early stages of becoming established in the wild.

Risks & Threats
Although Platycerium superbum is not currently known to be highly invasive in Hawai‘i, it is naturalized and does possess traits that are cause for concern. As an epiphytic fern capable of reproducing by spores, it may spread into suitable moist forest habitats if conditions allow. Its ability to establish on trees without soil could enable gradual expansion into native ecosystems, particularly in humid valleys and disturbed forest areas. Because this species appears to be in the early stages of wild establishment, ongoing evaluation is needed and caution is recommended to ensure that it will not negatively impact Hawai‘i’s native forests and biodiversity over time.

High Risk Traits:

• Thrives in tropical climates. Climate in the Hawaiian Islands is conducive to its establishment and spread.
  
• Naturalized on Oahu, (Hawaiian Islands)
  
• Controlled as a potential weed of native forest on Lord Howe Island, Australia
  
• Shade-tolerant
  
• An epiphyte (could compete with native epiphytic species)
  
• Reproduces by prolific, wind-dispersed spores
  
• Intentionally cultivated by people

Low Risk Traits:

• Despite naturalization, and control in Australia, no negative impacts have been detailed to date
  
• Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
  
• Non-toxic
  
• Ornamental value