Family: Annonaceae

High Risk Traits:

• History of repeated introductions worldwide
  
• Naturalized on Molokai
  
• Host for multiple pests and pathogens
  
• Congeneric species (Annona glabra) is invasive
  
• Produces viable, long-lasting seeds (>1 year)
  
• Self-compatible (can self-pollinate)
  
• Intentionally dispersed by humans for cultivation
  
• Forms a persistent seed bank

Low Risk Traits:

• Rarely naturalized (only few locations despite widespread cultivation)
  
• No weedy races or aggressive varieties
  
• Not reported as an agricultural or environmental weed
  
• No spines, thorns, or burrs
  
• Not allelopathic, parasitic, or toxic
  
• Requires full sun (not shade tolerant)
  
• Limited soil adaptability
  
• Does not form dense thickets
  
• No vegetative reproduction
  
• Slow maturation (≥4 years to reproduce)
  
• Few effective seed dispersal mechanisms (wind, water, external animal)
  
• Low seed production (<1000/m²)