Family: Blechnaceae

Blechnum orientale, commonly known as centipede fern or Oriental blechnum, is a striking fern native to Southeast Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. It forms dense clumps of upright fronds that can reach several feet tall, with new growth often emerging bright red before maturing to glossy green. Its bold, tropical appearance has made it a popular ornamental plant in warm climates, where it is sometimes used in shaded plantings or as a textural groundcover.

In Hawaiʻi, however, Blechnum orientale is already naturalized on Oʻahu and has the potential to become invasive, raising significant concerns for native ecosystems. The species spreads by lightweight spores and can form dense colonies that displace native understory plants, particularly in disturbed or recovering forest areas. Because of its documented spread and invasive potential, this fern is not recommended for further cultivation in Hawaiʻi. Gardeners and landscapers should avoid planting it and choose non-invasive alternatives that will not threaten natural habitats.

High Risk Traits:

• Thrives in tropical climates
  
• Naturalized on Oahu, Hawaiian Islands
  
• A disturbance-adapted weedy fern with potential impacts on agriculture
  
• Other Blechnum species have become invasive
  
• Allelopathic
  
• Tolerates many soil types
  
• Reproduces by spores and possibly vegetatively by rhizomes
  
• Spores dispersed by wind and water. Intentionally cultivated by people
  
• Prolific spore production

Low Risk Traits:

• Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
  
• Palatable to deer
  
• Edible and medicinal uses for humans
  
• Ornamental