Family: Euphorbiaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Naturalized (O'ahu)
  
• Toxic to animals
  
• Host for pests
  
• Shade tolerant
  
• Tolerates varied soils
  
• Self-compatible
  
• Intentionally dispersed by humans

Low Risk Traits:

• Not invasive in introduced areas
  
• No spines, thorns, or burrs
  
• Not allelopathic or parasitic
  
• Safe for humans
  
• Does not form thickets
  
• Limited seed production & dispersal
  
• No persistent seed bank
  
• Susceptible to herbicides