Family: Asparagaceae

High Risk Traits:

• History of repeated introductions outside native range.
  
• Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions.
  
• Seeds dispersed by birds and survive gut passage.
  
• Capable of self-pollination.
  
• Intentionally planted by people.
  
• Produces viable seed.

Low Risk Traits:

• No evidence of naturalization or weediness.
  
• Not climate versatile; limited to USDA zones 9-12.
  
• Lacks spines, thorns, and allelopathic properties.
  
• Extremely slow growing (~10 years to first flowering).
  
• Low seed production (only 3 seeds per berry).
  
• No wind, water, or accidental dispersal mechanisms.
  
• Requires full sun; not shade tolerant.
  
• Reproductive failure in native range due to extinct disperser.