Family: Asparagaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Toxic to cats, dogs, and rabbits
  
• Host for generalist pests (e.g., spider mites, opogona moth)
  
• Can cause allergic skin reactions in humans
  
• Shade tolerant—could establish in forest understory
  
• Wide soil tolerance (clay, sand, acidic, alkaline)
  
• Produces viable seed
  
• Bird-dispersed berries
  
• Regrows after damage (pruning or mutilation)
  
• Repeatedly introduced outside native range

Low Risk Traits:

• Not naturalized anywhere
  
• Not a weed (garden, agricultural, or environmental)
  
• No congeneric weed risk
  
• No spines, thorns, or burrs
  
• Not allelopathic or parasitic
  
• Not a fire hazard
  
• Likely not self-fertile—requires pollinator
  
• No evidence of persistent seed bank
  
• Flowers/fruit rare in cultivation