Family: Euphorbiaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Toxic to humans (all parts poisonous, sap irritates skin)
  
• Naturalized in Florida (USA) and Australia
  
• Repeated introductions outside native range (India, Hawaii, SW USA)
  
• Congeneric weeds exist (J. gossypiifolia is a serious weed)
  
• Tolerates wide range of soil conditions
  
• Shade tolerant

Low Risk Traits:

• Not an environmental, agricultural, or forestry weed
  
• No spines, thorns, or burrs
  
• Self-incompatible (low self-pollination)
  
• No vegetative spread in the wild
  
• Propagules not dispersed by wind, water, birds, or external animal attachment
  
• Low seed production
  
• No persistent seed bank