Family: Fabaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Naturalized throughout the tropics
  
• Broad climate tolerance (dry to subtropical, up to 48°C)
  
• Agricultural weed (invades pastures, banned from Australia)
  
• Congeneric weeds exist
  
• Produces spines (4–10 mm)
  
• Toxic sap causes skin and eye irritation
  
• Forms dense thickets
  
• Nitrogen-fixing woody plant
  
• Vegetative reproduction via root suckers
  
• Bird-dispersed seeds
  
• Coppices rapidly after cutting or fire

Low Risk Traits:

• Palatable to grazing animals
  
• Non-toxic to animals
  
• Fire-retardant
  
• Not shade tolerant
  
• No persistent seed bank (>1 year)
  
• No wind dispersal
  
• Moderate seed output (8–12 seeds/pod)