Family: Arecaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Naturalized on O'ahu
  
• Broad climate versatility and tropical/subtropical adaptation
  
• Repeated introductions outside native range
  
• Host to pests and pathogens
  
• Tolerates diverse soil conditions
  
• Viable seed production and natural hybridization
  
• Intentional human dispersal, bird dispersal, and gut passage survival
  
• Potentially prolific seed output

Low Risk Traits:

• No confirmed weediness
  
• No spines, thorns, toxins, or allelopathy
  
• Palatable to grazers and non-toxic to animals/humans
  
• No shade tolerance, fire hazard, dense thickets, or climbing habit
  
• No vegetative fragmentation, or persistent seed bank
  
• No wind, water, or external animal dispersal
  
• Poor tolerance to mutilation and fire damage