Family: Cupressaceae

Origin, Description & Uses
Juniperus bermudiana (Bermuda juniper or Bermuda cedar) is a conifer species native to the island of Bermuda, where it once formed extensive native forests. It is a slow-growing evergreen tree with dense, aromatic, scale-like foliage and small berry-like cones that are typically bluish when mature. Historically, it was highly valued for its durable, fragrant wood, which was widely used in shipbuilding, construction, furniture, and cabinetry. Today, it is also planted as an ornamental tree and for windbreaks in some regions due to its tolerance of coastal conditions, drought, and poor soils.

Risks & Threats
This species is naturalized in Hawaiʻi, including on Oʻahu, Lānaʻi, and Maui, and possesses traits that are cause for concern in tropical island ecosystems. Its ability to tolerate dry conditions, produce bird-dispersed seeds, and persist in a variety of habitats increases the risk of spread beyond planted areas. Once established, it may compete with native vegetation and alter dry forest and shrubland communities. As a non-native conifer, it can also change habitat structure and potentially contribute to shifts in fire behavior in some landscapes. Because of these concerns, Juniperus bermudiana could detrimentally impact tropical island ecosystems if it continues to spread. Choosing a low-risk or native alternative is recommended if intentional planting is being considered.

High Risk Traits:

• Naturalized in Hawaiian Islands, St. Helena, and possibly elsewhere
  
• Thrives in tropical climates
  
• Other Juniperus species have become invasive
  
• Able to form dense stands
  
• May hybridize with other Juniperus species
  
• Seeds, inside berrylike cones, dispersed by birds

Low Risk Traits:

• Unarmed
  
• Palatable to goats (may limit ability to spread)
  
• Non-toxic
  
• Shade-intolerant
  
• Specific soil requirements
  
• Dioecious (requires male and female trees to reproduce)
  
• No evidence of vegetative spread
  
• Long time to reproductive maturity
  
• Landscaping and ornamental value
  
• Timber tree