Family: Apocynaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Grows in tropical climates
  
• Spiny
  
• Possibly toxic
  
• Seeds likely dispersed by wind and people
  
• Able to regenerate after cutting

Low Risk Traits:

• No reports of invasiveness or naturalization, but no evidence of widespread introduction outside native range
  
• Landscaping and ornamental value
  
• Requires calcareous soils
  
• Specialized pollinator requirements (likely limits seed set outside native range)
  
• Not reported to spread vegetatively