Family: Cactaceae
Origin, Description & Uses:
Harrisia eriophora, commonly known as fragrant apple cactus or fragrant prickly apple, is a cactus species native to Cuba. It has long, ribbed, spiny stems that can climb over vegetation or form dense, sprawling thickets. The plant produces large, fragrant white to pale pink flowers that bloom at night, followed by round, fleshy fruits that resemble small apples. Its showy flowers and unusual growth habit have led to its introduction as an ornamental plant in tropical regions, including Hawaiʻi.
Risks & Threats:
This species is naturalized on Kauaʻi and possesses traits that are cause for concern in tropical island ecosystems. Harrisia eriophora can spread by seeds and vegetative growth, forming dense, spiny mats that smother native plants, restrict access, and alter habitat structure. Its climbing stems can overtake shrubs and small trees, while its sharp spines pose hazards to people, pets, and wildlife. Because of these risks, planting this species is discouraged; choosing a low-risk or native alternative is recommended to protect Hawaiʻi’s native biodiversity and ecosystem health.
High Risk Traits:
- Naturalized on Kaua'i
- Thrives in tropical climates
- Cited as an agricultural weed (unconfirmed)
- Other Harrisia species are invasive weed
- Spiny
- Shade-tolerant
- Reproduces by seeds and vegetatively by stem fragments
- Seeds dispersed by birds, other frugivorous animals and intentionally by people
- Seeds of related species form persistent seed banks
- Members of genus able to resprout after cutting
- Limited ecological information may reduce accuracy of risk prediction
Low Risk Traits:
- No confirmed reports of invasiveness, but no evidence of widespread introduction outside native range
- Palatable fruit
- Non-toxic
- Ornamental
- Herbicides provide effective control of related taxa
