Family: Passifloraceae
High Risk Traits:
- Elevation range exceeds 1000 m, demonstrating environmental versatility
- Thrives in tropical climates
- Naturalized on Kauai, Oahu, Lanai, Maui, Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands), and elsewhere
- Potential agricultural weed
- Environmental weed in Hawaii
- Other Passiflora species are invasive
- May be cyanogenic, and may therefore be poisonous or unpalatable to livestock
- Shade-tolerant
- Tolerates many soil types
- Climbs on and smothers other vegetation
- Reproduces by seeds and vegetatively by rooting where its stems touch the ground
- Reaches maturity in <1 year
- Seeds dispersed by birds, frugivorous mammals, and intentionally by people
Low Risk Traits:
- Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
- Edible fruit
- Herbicides may provide effective control