Family: Rosaceae
Rubus glaucus, commonly known as the Andean blackberry or Andes-berry, is a species native to the highlands of Central and South America, thriving at elevations between 1,500 and 3,100 meters. Introduced to Hawai‘i in the late 1960s at the Volcano and Pa‘auilo Agricultural Experimental Stations, it was initially cultivated for its edible fruits. However, the canes were abandoned, and the seeds were dispersed by birds, leading to its naturalization in Hawai‘i. The plant is now considered invasive, particularly in areas like the ‘Ōla’a Tract of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park, where it competes with native vegetation.
In Hawai‘i, Rubus glaucus is found on both the Big Island and Maui. On Maui, it has become naturalized, establishing itself in disturbed areas and roadsides. The plant’s rapid growth and ability to spread via bird-dispersed seeds contribute to its invasive nature. While it produces edible red fruits, these are not commonly consumed, and the plant’s tendency to smother native species poses ecological concerns. Efforts to manage its spread are ongoing, as it continues to impact native ecosystems.
High Risk Traits:
- Elevation range exceeds 1000 m, demonstrating environmental versatility
- Grows in high elevation regions with tropical climates
- Naturalized on Maui and Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands), Galapagos, and possibly elsewhere
- Invasive in natural areas of the Hawaiian Islands and Galapagos
- Other Rubus species are invasive
- Prickly stems
- Tolerates many soil types
- Climbing and smothering habit
- Reproduces by seeds and vegetatively by canes
- Hybridizes with other Rubus species
- Apomictic
- Reaches maturity in 2 years or less
- Seeds dispersed by birds, frugivorous mammals water and intentionally by people
- Seeds may form a persistent seed bank
- Able to resprout from roots after cutting
Low Risk Traits:
- Non-toxic
- Edible fruit
- Herbicides may provide effective control
