Family: Pinaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Elevation range >1000 m
  
• Naturalized in Great Britain, New Zealand, and Portugal
  
• May increase fire risk (flammable)
  
• Shade-tolerant
  
• Tolerates many soil conditions (and potentially able to exploit many different habitat types)
  
• Forms pure stands within native range
  
• Can hybridize with other Abies species
  
• Self-compatible (although seed set from selfing very low)
  
• Wind-dispersed seeds

Low Risk Traits:

• Widely cultivated for long time periods. Despite ability to spread, no negative impacts have been documented
  
• Non-toxic
  
• Long time to reproductive maturity (20+ years)
  
• Landscaping and ornamental value (Christmas trees)
  
• Timber tree