Family: Euphorbiaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Congeneric Weeds: Several related species are documented as serious or principal weeds.
  
• Tolerance to Pruning: Can tolerate severe pruning, enabling persistence in managed landscapes.

Low Risk Traits:

• Naturalization: No evidence of becoming naturalized where grown.
  
• Toxicity: Not reported as toxic to humans or animals
  
• Shade Intolerance: Requires full sun, unlikely to invade shaded forests.
  
• Seed Production: Fruits infrequently formed in cultivation; unlikely to produce prolific seeds.
  
• Dispersal: Propagules not adapted for wind, water, or bird dispersal (likely ant-dispersed, limited spread).
  
• Fire Hazard: Evergreen; does not increase fire risk.
  
• Vegetative Spread: No evidence of reproduction by fragmentation.