Family: Fabaceae
Albizia lebbeck, commonly known as the iris tree, white monkeypod, or woman’s tongue, is a deciduous tree native to the Indian subcontinent and Myanmar. Introduced to Hawaii in the 19th century, it has since naturalized across all major Hawaiian Islands, including Ni’ihau, Kaua’i, O’ahu, Molokai, Maui, and Hawai’i. The tree thrives in low-elevation, disturbed areas and is often found along roadsides and in forest patches.
While Albizia lebbeck provides shade and ornamental value, it is considered an invasive species in Hawaii. Its rapid growth and prolific seed production contribute to its spread, displacing native vegetation and altering local ecosystems. The rattling pods, a distinctive feature of the tree, persist after leaf fall and can often be heard in the wind .
High Risk Traits:
- Highly adaptable to a wide range of climates, soils, and temperatures.
- Naturalized outside its native range.
- History of repeated introductions for landscaping and agroforestry.
- Environmental weed in certain regions (e.g., Florida).
- Nitrogen-fixing, which can alter soil ecology.
- Tolerates damage and resprouts vigorously after injury.
- Forms a persistent seed bank.
- Seeds survive digestion by cattle, aiding dispersal.
Low Risk Traits:
- Not toxic to humans or animals.
- Lacks spines, thorns, or burrs.
- Not reported as a major agricultural or forestry weed.
- No specialized long-distance dispersal (e.g., by wind, birds, or hooks).
- Does not reproduce vegetatively (e.g., from fragments).
- Requires full sun; not shade tolerant.
- Slow to mature (4+ years to set seed).
