Family: Fabaceae

Pseudalbizzia niopoides, commonly known as Caribbean albizia or guanacaste, is a large, fast-growing tree native to tropical America, ranging from southern Mexico to northeastern Argentina, including the Leeward and Windward Islands in the Caribbean. This species is characterized by its open, wide-spreading, umbrella-shaped crown and can reach heights of 10–35 meters (33–115 feet). The tree thrives in dry tropical forests and is often used for rapid reforestation in areas with poor soil. Its wood is of low durability but is utilized for various purposes, including construction, furniture, and fuel. Additionally, the roots are rich in saponins, which are commonly used in soap-making. The tree’s graceful, feathery foliage provides light shade, making it an attractive ornamental species in suitable climates.

In Hawaiʻi, Pseudalbizzia niopoides is considered a naturalized species, having established itself in various regions, including Oʻahu. While it is not currently classified as invasive, its rapid growth and ability to fix nitrogen in the soil can potentially alter local ecosystems. The tree’s adaptability to different environments and its use in reforestation projects highlight its ecological versatility. However, ongoing monitoring is essential to assess its long-term impact on native flora and fauna.

High Risk Traits:

• Climate Versatility: Thrives in tropical/subtropical climates.
  
• Introduction History: Repeatedly introduced outside its native range.
  
• Naturalization: Documented as invasive (Reunion Island) and naturalizing (Hawaii).
  
• Congeneric Weeds: related species are highly invasive.
  
• Nitrogen Fixation: Improves soil, potentially aiding invasion.
  
• Seed Production: Produces viable seeds.
  
• Human Dispersal: Intentionally planted for forestry and ornamentals.
  
• Wind Dispersed: Seeds are adapted for wind dispersal.
  
• Seed Bank: Forms a persistent seed bank (>1 year).
  
• Coppicing: Tolerates mutilation and can resprout.

Low Risk Traits:

• Not a Weed: Not reported as a garden, agricultural, or environmental weed.
  
• No Defenses: Lacks spines, thorns, or burrs.
  
• Palatable & Non-Toxic: Used as fodder; no evidence of toxicity.
  
• Not a Fire Hazard: Does not increase fire risk.
  
• Light-Demanding: Requires full sun; not shade tolerant.
  
• Seed-Dependent: Reproduces only by seed; no vegetative spread.
  
• Limited Dispersal: No evidence of dispersal by birds, animals, or as a contaminant.
  
• Controllable: Likely susceptible to herbicide treatment.