Family: Proteaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Broad climate suitability and elevation range (>1000 m)
  
• Naturalized on Maui (Hawaiian Islands), New Zealand, and South Africa
  
• Reported to be an environmental weed in coastal New Zealand and recommended for control due to potential or actual impacts on native vegetation
  
• Other Banksia species are invasive weeds
  
• Reported to be highly flammable, but can survive fire
  
• Tolerates many soil types
  
• Reported to form pure stands and thickets in both native and introduced range
  
• Reproduces by wind-dispersed seeds
  
• Hybridizes with other Banksia species
  
• Self-fertile (i.e., viable seeds may be dispersed from isolated trees)
  
• Reaches maturity in 3-5 years
  
• Seeds dispersed by wind, possibly water, and through intentional cultivation
  
• Tolerates and resprouts after heavy pruning or fire

Low Risk Traits:

• Valued as an ornamental tree, with negative impacts unquantified, or not observed, in some areas of its introduced range
  
• Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
  
• Palatable to deer and possibly other browsing animals
  
• Non-toxic
  
• Grows best in high light environments (dense shade may inhibit spread)
  
• Seeds reported to lose viability within two months (i.e., will not form a persistent soil seed bank)
  
• Herbicides may provide effective control