Family: Poaceae
High Risk Traits:
- Elevation range exceeds 2000 m, demonstrating environmental versatility
- Able to grow in tropical climates
- Naturalized on Kauai, Lanai, Maui, Hawaii and widely elsewhere
- Agricultural weed (competes with cereals and can sharp florets can injure livestock
- Environmental weed in Australia
- Other Bromus species are invasive
- Alternate host of cereal diseases
- Increases fire risk
- Shade-tolerant
- Tolerates many soil types
- Forms dense cover, excluding other vegetation
- Reproduces by seed
- Self-compatible
- Reaches maturity in one year (annual)
- Seeds dispersed by wind, attached to clothing or animal fur and internally by grazing animals
- Seeds can become a contaminant of cereals or in wool
- Prolific seed production
- Seeds persist for 2-3 years
- Tolerates mowing but not fire
Low Risk Traits:
- Palatable to grazing animals (when young)
- Not reported to spread vegetatively
- Herbicides provide effective control