Family: Buxaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Broad climate suitability
  
• Reported to be a casual escape in New Zealand
  
• Unverified reports of weediness elsewhere
  
• Unpalatable to animals
  
• Toxic to animals and people if ingested
  
• Reported to be highly flammable
  
• Tolerates full shade (but does best in full sun to partial shade)
  
• Tolerates many soil types
  
• Reproduces by seeds and cuttings
  
• Seeds dispersed by dehiscent capsules, possibly aided by wind or water and intentionally cultivated by people
  
• Tolerates and resprouts after repeated pruning and cutting

Low Risk Traits:

• A primarily temperate species, unlikely to thrive in tropical climate zones of the Hawaiian Islands
  
• No reports of negative impacts outside native range
  
• No reports of naturalization in the Hawaiian Islands
  
• Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
  
• Not reported to spread vegetatively
  
• Slow growth rate