Family: Celastraceae
Celastrus orbiculatus (Oriental bittersweet, climbing spindle berry) is a fast-growing, woody vine native to East Asia, including China, Korea, and Japan. It is known for its vigorous climbing habit, wrapping around trees, shrubs, and structures, and can reach lengths of 60 feet or more. The plant produces bright yellow flowers in late spring, followed by striking orange to red berries in the fall, which are often used in decorative wreaths and arrangements. Its rapid growth and attractive berries have made it a popular ornamental plant in gardens and landscapes.
While Celastrus orbiculatus is visually appealing, it poses significant ecological risks. The vine aggressively spreads and climbs over native trees and shrubs, shading and straining them, which can lead to weakened or dead vegetation. Its ability to root and sprout easily makes it highly invasive, outcompeting native plants and altering habitats. Birds and wildlife spread the seeds, allowing the plant to colonize forests, roadsides, and open areas rapidly. Due to its aggressive growth and threat to native ecosystems, it is considered a high-risk invasive species in Hawaii and many other regions.
High Risk Traits:
- Temperate vine (marginal in subtropics)
- Broad climate suitability (in temperate areas)
- Widely naturalized
- Forestry weed
- An environmental weed
- With spines
- Potentially allelopathic
- Unpalatable to browsing animals
- Tolerates many soil types
- Shade-tolerant
- Overtops and smothers other vegetation and can form thickets in open areas
- Bird and mammal dispersed seeds
- Fruits buoyant and capable of being water-dispersed
- Spreads vegetatively from rhizomes
- Reaches maturity in 2+ years
- Tolerates and resprouts after repeated cutting
Low Risk Traits:
- Temperate climate; may only be a threat to higher elevation areas in tropical islands
- Valued as an ornamental
- Not known to form a persistent seed bank
- Herbicides may provide effective control
