Family: Cannabaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Elevation range exceeds 1000 m, demonstrating environmental versatility
  
• Able to grow in regions with subtropical climates
  
• Naturalized in Australia, South Africa and parts of North America
  
• Disturbance-adapted environmental weed (excludes native vegetation)
  
• Other Celtis species have become invasive
  
• Pollen may be allergenic
  
• Shade-tolerant
  
• Tolerates many soil types
  
• Forms dense stands that exclude other vegetation
  
• Reproduces by seeds and vegetatively by suckers
  
• May hybridize with other Celtis species
  
• Some self-compatibility documented
  
• Seeds dispersed by birds, mammals, water and intentionally by people
  
• Some seeds may persist for up to 24 months
  
• Able to resprout after cutting

Low Risk Traits:

• Invasiveness may be limited to higher elevation regions in the tropics and subtropics
  
• Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
  
• Palatable to browsing animals
  
• Ornamental
  
• Fruit edible to people
  
• Herbicides may provide effective control