Family: Solanaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Elevation range exceeds 1000 m, demonstrating environmental versatility
  
• Thrives in tropical climates
  
• Naturalized on Oahu, Maui and Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands) and elsewhere worldwide
  
• An environmental weed in Africa and New Zealand
  
• Other Cestrum species are invasive
  
• Unpalatable
  
• Toxic to animals and people
  
• Shade tolerant
  
• Tolerates many soil types
  
• Forms dense thickets
  
• Reproduces by seeds and vegetatively by suckers
  
• Autogamous
  
• Dispersed by birds, water, dumped garden waste and intentionally cultivated
  
• Resprouts after cutting or top damage

Low Risk Traits:

• Although naturalized, negative impacts have not been reported in the Hawaiian Islands
  
• Unarmed (no spines, thorns or burrs)
  
• Seed set in the Hawaiian Islands may be limited or absent
  
• Herbicides may provide effective control