Family: Gentianaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Elevation range exceeds 1000 m, demonstrating environmental versatility
  
• Thrives in tropical climates
  
• Naturalizing on Oahu, Hawaiian Islands
  
• Weed in secondary vegetation and disturbed areas
  
• Plant reported to be very toxic
  
• Reproduces by seeds
  
• Self-compatible
  
• Small seeds dispersed by wind, gravity
  
• Seeds are sticky, which would aid in attachment to people, equipment, vehicles or animals
  
• Common in roadsides and other heavily trafficked areas, which would facilitate accidental dispersal

Low Risk Traits:

• No reports of invasiveness or weediness outside native range, but no evidence of cultivation
  
• Unarmed (no spines, thorns or burrs)
  
• Medicinal uses
  
• Reportedly pollinated by bats, which could minimize or limit seed set outside native range