Family: Asparagaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Grows in tropical climates
  
• Naturalized in several locations (but no evidence from Hawaiian Islands)
  
• Regarded as an environmental weed in Australia
  
• Shade-tolerant
  
• Tolerates many soil types
  
• A geophyte (able to persist from tuberous roots)
  
• Reproduces by seeds and vegetatively by plantlets that form on inflorescence
  
• Reaches maturity in one year
  
• Dispersed by dumped garden waste
  
• Tolerates fire and resprouts from cutting or damage to foliage

Low Risk Traits:

• No reports of invasiveness or naturalization in the Hawaiian Islands to date, despite widespread cultivation
  
• Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
  
• Non-toxic
  
• Ornamental
  
• Primarily spreads vegetatively, limiting long distance dispersal