Family: Verbenaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Elevation range exceeds 1000 m, demonstrating environmental versatility
  
• Thrives in tropical climates
  
• Naturalized on Oahu, Maui, Hawaii and Kauai, Hawaiian Islands
  
• Environmental weed in mesic to wet forests
  
• Other Citharexylum species have become invasive
  
• Light-demanding, but does tolerate and invade shaded forest understory
  
• Forms dense thickets
  
• Reproduces by seeds, and roots at nodes when contacting ground
  
• Seeds dispersed by birds and intentionally by people
  
• Some herbicides may be ineffective at control

Low Risk Traits:

• Unarmed (no spines, thorns or burrs)
  
• Ornamental and medicinal uses
  
• Reportedly dioecious