Family: Rutaceae

Citrus maxima, commonly known as pummelo, pomelo, or shaddock, is a large citrus tree native to Southeast Asia and considered one of the original citrus species from which many modern citrus fruits were developed. The tree produces the largest of all citrus fruits, with thick, spongy rinds and pale yellow to pink flesh that ranges from mildly sweet to pleasantly tart. Pummelo is widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions for its fresh fruit, which is eaten out of hand, added to salads, or used in desserts and beverages. The fragrant rind is sometimes candied or used in traditional medicine, and the tree is also valued as an ornamental for its glossy leaves, showy blossoms, and impressive fruit.

In Hawaiʻi, pummelo is generally considered low risk and is not known to be invasive. However, like other citrus species, it can reproduce from seed and may persist outside of cultivation if conditions are favorable. Escaped plants could potentially establish in disturbed areas, though widespread naturalization has not been documented. As with all non-native plants, responsible cultivation is recommended. Monitoring for unwanted spread and managing seedlings can help ensure pummelo remains a beneficial food and ornamental tree without negatively impacting Hawaiʻi’s native ecosystems.

High Risk Traits:

• Naturalized in some regions (e.g., Fiji)
  
• Repeatedly introduced worldwide
  
• Has spines/thorns
  
• Host to pests (e.g., mites)
  
• Tolerates shade and varied soils
  
• Produces viable seeds
  
• Hybridizes naturally (e.g., with oranges)
  
• Self-compatible under certain conditions
  
• Intentionally dispersed by humans
  
• Seeds spread via fruit waste
  
• Tolerates pruning/regrows vigorously

Low Risk Traits:

• Not weedy or invasive
  
• Limited climate versatility (requires tropics)
  
• Not allelopathic or parasitic
  
• Not palatable or toxic to livestock/animals
  
• Not toxic to humans (except skin irritants)
  
• No vegetative reproduction
  
• Slow to mature (6–8 years)
  
• Large fruit, not dispersed by wind/water/birds/animals
  
• Low seed production, no seed bank
  
• Susceptible to pests/diseases