Family: Lamiaceae
High Risk Traits:
- Broad climate suitability
- Grows in temperate to tropical climates
- Naturalized in SE United States, New Zealand and possibly elsewhere
- A weed of yards, landscapes and disturbed habitats
- A potential environmental weed
- Other Clerodendrum species are invasive
- Potentially allelopathic
- Unpalatable to deer and probably other browsing animals
- Berries and seeds are reported to be toxic to humans and animals if ingested; handling may irritate skin
- Shade tolerant
- Forms small thickets to dense stands through clonal vegetative spread
- Reproduces by seeds and vegetatively by suckering
- Primarily outcrossing, but may be able to produce some seeds through self-pollination
- Seeds dispersed by birds, other frugivores, possibly by water and intentionally by people
- Able to be spread in green waste
- Able to resprout after repeated cutting or freezing back
Low Risk Traits:
- Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
- Herbicides may provide effective control