Family: Amaryllidaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Naturalized on O’ahu, Kaua’i and elsewhere
  
• Toxic to humans and animals
  
• Spreads via bulbs and offsets
  
• Water-dispersed seeds
  
• Unpalatable to grazers

Low Risk Traits:

• Despite naturalization, no evidence of negative impacts
  
• Incapable of self-pollination and low self-compatibility (limited seed set)
  
• Requires specialized pollinators
  
• No persistent seed bank
  
• Primarily local vegetative spread
  
• Aside from water, seeds unlikely to be dispersed long distances