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Background of native Hawaii forest

Credit: FarOutFlora

Dasylirion quadrangulatum (Mexican grass tree)

Family: Asparagaceae

Origin, Description & Uses
Dasylirion quadrangulatum, commonly known as Mexican grass tree, is native to arid and semi-arid regions of northeastern Mexico. Despite its common name, it is not a true grass but a striking, drought-tolerant plant related to asparagus and agaves. It forms a symmetrical rosette of long, narrow, blue-green leaves with finely toothed margins, often atop a short trunk as it matures. In time, it can produce a tall, dramatic flowering stalk that rises well above the foliage. Mexican grass tree is valued in xeriscaping and dry landscapes for its architectural form, low water needs, and ability to thrive in hot, sunny conditions. It is commonly used as an accent plant in rock gardens, desert-themed landscapes, and container plantings.

Risks, Threats & Management
Mexican grass tree is considered a low-risk species in Hawaiʻi. It does not show aggressive spreading behavior and typically reproduces slowly from seed. Because it is adapted to dry climates, it is unlikely to invade wetter native ecosystems. As with any introduced plant, responsible planting is recommended—avoid planting near natural areas, and monitor for any unexpected spread. Proper siting in well-drained soils and full sun will keep plants healthy and reduce the likelihood of stress-related issues. With mindful landscape management, Mexican grass tree can be enjoyed as a distinctive ornamental without posing significant environmental concerns.


High Risk Traits:

  • Spines: Leaf margins are sharp/spiny.
  • Tolerates many soils: Can grow in a wide range of soil types as long as they are fast-draining.
  • Intentional introduction: Commonly used as an ornamental and has been introduced outside its native range by people.
  • Potential water dispersal: Grows along stream beds, so seeds could potentially be dispersed by flash floods.
  • Reproduces by seed: Produces viable seeds.
  • Fast maturity: Can flower in 3-5 years from seed.

Low Risk Traits:

  • No weed history: No evidence of naturalization or weedy behavior anywhere in the world.
  • Non-invasive: Described as a non-invasive species that "stays where you put it."
  • Slow-growing: Described as a slow-growing, trunk-forming shrub.
  • Specific climate needs: Has a limited climate suitability (USDA zones 8b-11) and requires dry conditions.
  • No vegetative spread: Propagates by seed only; does not spread vegetatively.
  • Low seed production: Produces capsules containing only one seed each.
  • No seed bank: Seeds germinate readily and are not noted to form a persistent seed bank.
  • No fire hazard: Described as "fire proof."
  • Not shade tolerant: Requires full sun.
  • Not a climbing or smothering plant: Has an upright, shrubby growth form.