Family: Dicksoniaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Broad climate suitability and elevation range
  
• Grows in upper elevation tropical climates
  
• Naturalized on Hawaii island (Hawaiian Islands) and possibly outside natural range in New Zealand
  
• Skirt of fallen fronds prevents epiphyte establishment and could potentially impact Hawaiian epiphyte diversity and abundance if established more widely
  
• Other Dicksonia species are invasive
  
• Dead fronds moderately to highly flammable
  
• Shade tolerant
  
• Tolerates many soil types
  
• Reproduces by spores
  
• Hybridizes with other Dicksonia species
  
• Spores dispersed by wind and water; also intentionally planted
  
• Prolific spore production

Low Risk Traits:

• Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
  
• Non-toxic
  
• Valued as an ornamental
  
• Not reported to spread vegetatively
  
• Slow growing
  
• Mechanical and chemical methods appear to provide effective control