Family: Dilleniaceae

Origin, Description & Uses
Dillenia indica, commonly known as elephant apple, is native to tropical South and Southeast Asia, including India, Sri Lanka, and parts of Malaysia. This small to medium-sized evergreen tree is known for its large, glossy leaves and striking white flowers with prominent yellow stamens. It produces distinctive, round green fruits with thick, fleshy sepals that enclose the edible pulp. The fruit has a tart flavor and is widely used in chutneys, curries, jams, and traditional beverages. In addition to its culinary value, elephant apple is sometimes planted as an ornamental tree in tropical landscapes for its bold foliage and attractive flowers.

Risks & Threats
Elephant apple is considered a Low Risk species for Hawai‘i. It is not known to be invasive and has not demonstrated aggressive spreading behavior in the Islands. The tree does not typically form dense stands or outcompete native vegetation, and its spread appears to be limited. While monitoring is always encouraged when introducing non-native plants, current evidence suggests that Dillenia indica poses minimal ecological threat in Hawai‘i. Gardeners seeking fruit-producing or ornamental trees can consider this species a relatively safe option when planted responsibly and managed properly.

High Risk Traits:

• Persistent in Puerto Rico, otherwise not reported to be naturalized elsewhere
  
• Thrives in tropical climates
  
• Elevation range from 0-1100 m
  
• Related species invasive
  
• Shade-tolerant
  
• Fruits consumed and seeds dispersed by mammals
  
• Fruit water dispersed
  
• Ability to coppice

Low Risk Traits:

• No reports of invasiveness elsewhere
  
• Unarmed (no spines, thorns or burrs)
  
• Fodder tree
  
• Non-toxic
  
• Landscaping and ornamental value
  
• Edible fruit
  
• Reaches reproductive maturity in 8-10 years
  
• Large fruit unlikely to be inadvertently dispersed