Family: Rosaceae

Origin, Description & Uses
Eriobotrya japonica, commonly known as loquat, is a small evergreen tree native to southeastern China. It has been widely cultivated and is now grown in many subtropical and tropical regions, including across Hawaii. Loquat trees typically reach 10–25 feet in height and are recognized by their large, leathery, dark green leaves and clusters of small, fragrant white flowers that bloom in fall or winter. The tree produces round to pear-shaped yellow-orange fruits with a sweet, tangy flavor, which are eaten fresh or used in jams, jellies, and desserts. It is also commonly planted as an ornamental tree for its attractive foliage and seasonal fruit.

Risks & Threats
Loquat is naturalized on Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Lānaʻi, Maui, and Hawaiʻi Island, and possesses traits that are cause for concern. It produces abundant fruit that is readily dispersed by birds and other animals, allowing it to spread into natural areas. Seedlings can establish in a wide range of environments, including disturbed sites and forest edges, where they may compete with native plants for light, water, and nutrients. Its ability to persist and spread increases the risk of forming dense stands that can alter habitat structure and ecological processes. Because of these characteristics, loquat could detrimentally impact tropical island ecosystems. It is recommended to choose low-risk or native alternatives to help protect Hawaii’s unique biodiversity.

High Risk Traits:

• Elevation range exceeds 1000 m, demonstrating environmental versatility
  
• Grows in subtropical to temperate climates
  
• Naturalized in Hawaiian Islands and elsewhere
  
• An environmental weed in Australia and New Zealand
  
• Seeds potentially toxic
  
• Host of fruit pests
  
• Moderately Shade-tolerant
  
• Tolerates many soil types
  
• May form dense stands in New Zealand
  
• Reproduces by seeds
  
• May reach maturity in 2 years (more commonly 5+ years)
  
• Seeds dispersed by birds, other frugivorous animals, humans and in dumped garden waste

Low Risk Traits:

• Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
  
• Provides fodder for livestock
  
• Ornamental and edible uses
  
• Varieties may be self-incompatible
  
• Not reported to spread vegetatively
  
• Seeds lose viability within 6 months
  
• Herbicides may provide effective control