Family: Asparagaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Broad climate suitability (able to grow in 5 hardiness zones)
  
• Able to grow, and potentially spread, in tropical climates
  
• Naturalized in India
  
• Toxic bulbs
  
• Tolerates many soil types
  
• Geophyte (bulbs persist in soil)
  
• Reproduces by seeds and vegetatively by bulbs
  
• Seeds dispersed by wind and intentionally by people

Low Risk Traits:

• No reports of negative impacts outside native range
  
• In the Hawaiian Islands, bulbs reported to not persist after flowering
  
• Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
  
• Requires full sun (dense shade may limit ability to spread)
  
• Self-incompatible
  
• Adapted for specialized pollination by pompilid wasps in the genus Hemipepsis
  
• Typically flowers after 4-5 years