Family: Euphorbiaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Broad climate suitability (native to subtropical/tropical regions; versatile)
  
• History of repeated introductions outside native range (widely cultivated)
  
• Congeneric weeds (other Euphorbia species are invasive)
  
• Toxic to humans (latex causes skin irritation)
  
• Produces viable seed
  
• Dispersed intentionally (popular garden plant) and unintentionally (via potted gifts)
  
• Tolerates heavy pruning (responds well to mutilation)
  
• Fast-growing with short minimum generative time (~3 years)

Low Risk Traits:

• No evidence of naturalization or weediness
  
• No spines, thorns, or burrs
  
• Not allelopathic, parasitic, or toxic to animals
  
• Not a pest/pathogen host
  
• Does not form dense thickets
  
• Not shade tolerant; requires well-drained soil
  
• No vegetative fragmentation
  
• Limited dispersal (seeds released explosively; no wind, water, or animal adaptations)
  
• Low seed production (~3 seeds per fruit)