Family: Euphorbiaceae
Origin, Description & Uses:
Euphorbia punicea, commonly known as flame of Jamaica or vegetable leather, is a striking shrub native to the Caribbean, particularly Jamaica. It is known for its vivid, showy red to orange bracts that resemble flowers and attract pollinators such as butterflies and birds. This evergreen plant can grow into a large shrub or small tree and thrives in warm, tropical climates with well-drained soils. It is often used as an ornamental in gardens and landscapes due to its bold color and drought tolerance. Historically, parts of the plant have also been used in traditional practices, and its fibrous bark has been utilized for making cordage—hence the name “vegetable leather.”
Risks & Threats:
This species is considered low risk for Hawaii and similar tropical environments. It is not known to naturalize aggressively or spread beyond cultivated areas, and it typically does not outcompete native vegetation. However, like many members of the Euphorbia genus, it produces a milky sap (latex) that can be irritating to skin and eyes and is toxic if ingested, so caution is advised when handling. With proper placement and basic care, Euphorbia punicea can be a safe and attractive addition to landscapes without posing significant ecological threats.
High Risk Traits:
- Grows in tropical climates
- Related Euphorbia species have become invasive
- Sap toxic and an irritant to animals and people
- Tolerates many soil types
- Seeds dispersed by dehiscent capsules and people
- Limited ecological information from native and introduced ranges makes accurate risk predications difficult
Low Risk Traits:
- No reports of naturalization or invasiveness world wide (but outdoor cultivation in tropical climates may be limited)
- Requires full sun
- Showy flowers
- Limited seed production in cultivation
