Family: Euphorbiaceae

Origin, Description & Uses
Shirakiopsis indica (mock willow) is a fast-growing tree native to tropical regions of Asia, including India and Southeast Asia. It typically grows to medium height and is recognized by its narrow, willow-like leaves and smooth bark. The tree is sometimes planted as an ornamental for its graceful appearance and ability to establish quickly, and it may also be used in reforestation or agroforestry projects in its native range due to its adaptability to a variety of soil conditions.

Risks & Threats
Although Shirakiopsis indica is not known to be naturalized in Hawaii, it does possess traits that raise concern. Its rapid growth, tolerance of diverse environmental conditions, and potential for prolific seed production could allow it to spread beyond cultivation. In other tropical regions, related species have shown the ability to become invasive and outcompete native vegetation. Further evaluation is needed to determine if this species could establish, spread, and negatively impact Hawaii’s ecosystems.

High Risk Traits:

• Naturalized and considered invasive in the Sundarbans
  
• Thorny trunk
  
• Allelopathic (accumulates toxins in soil)
  
• Unpalatable to animals; toxic to animals and humans (caustic latex)
  
• Produces viable seeds dispersed by water
  
• Coppices readily (resprouts after cutting)

Low Risk Traits:

• Restricted to low-elevation mangrove habitats
  
• Dioecious (requires both male and female plants)
  
• No vegetative reproduction
  
• Not a prolific seed producer
  
• No persistent seed bank