Family: Moraceae

Ficus cordata subsp. salicifolia, commonly called the willow-leaf fig, is a small tree or large shrub known for its narrow, graceful leaves and smooth, light-colored bark. It’s native to southern Africa, where it grows along rocky slopes and streambeds. Like other figs, it produces small, rounded fruit and contains a milky sap. Although attractive and well-suited to dry or warm climates, this species has raised some concerns. In one reported case, cattle that ate its leaves developed serious neurological symptoms, and several animals died—suggesting the plant can be toxic to livestock.

Despite having some traits associated with higher risk, the willow-leaf fig is not known to be naturalized or invasive in Hawaiʻi. There are no reports of it spreading beyond cultivation or establishing in the wild. However, because of its potential toxicity to livestock and limited information about its long-term behavior in local environments, it should still be planted with care. Choosing well-tested, non-toxic alternatives is recommended for those looking to add similar drought-tolerant trees or shrubs to their landscapes.

High Risk Traits:

• Toxic to livestock
  
• Host for pests/pathogens
  
• Tolerates mutilation/pruning
  
• Grows in varied soils and light conditions
  
• Bird-dispersed fruits (where pollinator is present)

Low Risk Traits:

• No invasive history
  
• No spines/thorns
  
• Not a fire hazard
  
• No vegetative reproduction
  
• No unintentional dispersal
  
• No prolific seed production
  
• Requires specific pollinator (fig wasp)