Family: Salicaceae

Origin, Description & Uses:
Flacourtia indica (governor’s plum) is a thorny shrub or small tree native to Africa and tropical Asia. It has glossy leaves and produces small edible fruits used in jams and drinks. It is often planted as a hedge or barrier due to its dense, spiny growth and tolerance of varied conditions.

Risks & Threats:
Governor’s plum is naturalized on Oʻahu and has traits that are cause for concern. It can form dense, thorny thickets that outcompete native plants and spread by seed dispersal from birds. This species could detrimentally impact tropical island ecosystems. Planting is not recommended; instead, choose a low-risk or native alternative.

High Risk Traits:

• Naturalized in Florida, Oahu, Mascarene Islands, Cook Islands, Australia and possibly elsewhere
  
• Thrives in tropical climates
  
• Broad climatic suitability and elevation range
  
• Environmental weed of Mauritius
  
• Congeneric Weeds
  
• Thorny
  
• Forms dense thickets
  
• Tolerates many soil conditions (and potentially able to exploit many different habitat types)
  
• Bird-dispersed seeds
  
• Coppices

Low Risk Traits:

• Fodder tree (palatable to browsing animals)
  
• Non-toxic
  
• Used medicinally
  
• Shade-intolerant
  
• Landscaping and ornamental value
  
• Edible fruit
  
• Herbicides provide effective control