Family: Asphodelaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Naturalized outside native range (Europe, North America)
  
• Listed as a garden escapee and environmental weed
  
• Congeneric weed
  
• Tolerates broad climate versatility (USDA zones 3a–9b)
  
• Self-compatible (readily forms seed via self-pollination)
  
• Reproduces vegetatively via creeping rhizomes and root fragments
  
• Propagules dispersed unintentionally (rhizome fragments)
  
• Propagules dispersed intentionally by people (ornamental, hybridization)

Low Risk Traits:

• No spines, thorns, or burrs
  
• No evidence of toxicity to animals or humans
  
• No evidence of prolific seed production (>1000/m²)
  
• No evidence of persistent seed bank (>1 year)
  
• No wind, water, bird, or external animal dispersal adaptations
  
• Not shade tolerant (requires sun to part shade)