Family: Asteraceae

High Risk Traits:

• Elevation range exceeds 2000 m, demonstrating environmental versatility
  
• Grows in tropical climates
  
• Naturalized in the Hawaiian Islands, Australia and possibly Japan
  
• A disturbance-adapted plant that may threaten certain endangered plant species in Hawaii
  
• Other species have become invasive
  
• Aromatic foliage deters browsing
  
• Able to form dense ground cover
  
• Reproduces by seed
  
• Self-compatible
  
• Able to reach maturity in 1-2 growing seasons
  
• Seeds dispersed by wind, gravity and secondarily by water, soil movement, attachment of seeds to clothing or animals, and other human activities
  
• Prolific seed production (densities unknown)
  
• Disk achenes not dormant, but ray achenes are dormant and may form a persistent seed bank (seed longevity unknown)

Low Risk Traits:

• Unarmed (no spines, thorns or burrs)
  
• Non-toxic
  
• Pollinator-plant
  
• Not reported to spread vegetatively
  
• Herbicides provide effective control
  
• Manual removal provides effective control