Family: Apocynaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Able to grow in regions with tropical climates
  
• Spiny
  
• Reproduces by wind-dispersed seeds (but limited seed production in cultivation)
  
• May be able to produce interspecific and intergeneric hybrids
  
• Limited ecological information may reduce accuracy of risk prediction

Low Risk Traits:

• No reports of invasiveness or naturalization, but introduction outside native range appears to be limited
  
• Valuable medicinal plant
  
• Susceptibility to bacterial and fungal rot, mites and mite transmitted diseases may limit ability to escape and spread in the Hawaiian Islands
  
• Rarely, if ever, produces seed in cultivation
  
• Possibly self-incompatible
  
• Possibly requires specialized pollinators
  
• Not reported to spread vegetatively