Family: Aquifoliaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Broad climate suitability
  
• Grows in regions with tropical climates
  
• Naturalized on Oahu, and Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands)
  
• Other Ilex species are invasive
  
• May be slightly toxic
  
• Shade tolerant (could potentially spread into intact forests)
  
• Tolerates many soil types
  
• Reproduces by seeds, and possibly clonally
  
• Hybridizes with other Ilex species
  
• Seeds dispersed by birds, water and intentionally by people
  
• Seeds my remain viable in soil for two years
  
• Able to resprout after cutting and pruning

Low Risk Traits:

• Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
  
• Palatable to livestock (but palatability is reported to be low)
  
• Valued as an ornamental tree
  
• Dioecious, requiring male and female trees for reproduction
  
• Reaches maturity in 4+ years