Family: Convolvulaceae

Origin, Description & Uses:
Ipomoea triloba, commonly known as little bell or three-lobed morning-glory, is a fast-growing, twining vine native to tropical regions of the Americas. It is characterized by its slender stems, heart- to three-lobed leaves, and small, tubular pink to reddish-purple flowers that open in clusters. Like other morning-glories, it readily climbs over fences, shrubs, and other vegetation. In some parts of the world, it has been used ornamentally for its delicate flowers and rapid growth, and in traditional practices for minor medicinal purposes. However, it is more often encountered as a weedy species in disturbed areas, agricultural lands, and roadsides.

Risks & Threats:
In Hawaiʻi, Ipomoea triloba is naturalized across all major islands, including Midway Atoll (Kuaihelani), and possesses traits that are cause for concern. Its rapid growth, prolific seed production, and ability to smother surrounding vegetation allow it to outcompete native plants and alter habitats. This aggressive vine can form dense mats that inhibit the regeneration of native species and reduce biodiversity, particularly in lowland and disturbed ecosystems. Due to these invasive characteristics, it could detrimentally impact tropical island ecosystems if left unmanaged. It is recommended to avoid planting this species and instead choose low-risk or native alternatives for landscaping and cultivation.

High Risk Traits:

• Widely naturalized
  
• Thrives in tropical climates
  
• Weed of agriculture
  
• Related species are invasive
  
• Toxic seeds
  
• Shade-tolerant
  
• Smothering growth habit
  
• Self-fertile
  
• Can reach reproductive maturity in 1 year (annual life cycle)
  
• Seeds can become a produce contaminant

Low Risk Traits:

• Unarmed (no spines, thorns or burrs)
  
• Well-controlled by herbicides