Family: Apocynaceae

Origin, Description & Uses
The Singapore kopsia (Kopsia singapurensis) is a small, evergreen tree native to southern Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. It grows in freshwater swamp forests, producing white flowers with red throats that smell like fried bacon. While endangered in the wild, it flowers freely in cultivation under shady, damp conditions but is not yet widely grown.

Risks & Threats
Singapore kopsia has no history of naturalizing outside its native range, does not form dense thickets, and produces few seeds (1–2 per fruit). It lacks spines, toxins, or aggressive spread by wind, people, or vegetative means. While birds may disperse its seeds, the plant poses little threat to native ecosystems or agriculture.

High Risk Traits:

• Native to tropical climates (high climate suitability)
  
• Shade tolerant
  
• Produces fleshy drupes (likely bird-dispersed)

Low Risk Traits:

• No evidence of naturalization outside native range
  
• Not a weed (environmental, agricultural, or congeneric)
  
• No spines, thorns, or burrs
  
• No evidence of toxicity, allelopathy, or parasitism
  
• Does not form dense thickets or climb
  
• No evidence of vegetative fragmentation
  
• Unlikely to be dispersed unintentionally, by people, as a contaminant, by wind, or externally by animals
  
• Not a prolific seed producer (1–2 seeded drupes)