Family: Lauraceae
Origin, Description & Uses:
Laurus nobilis, commonly known as bay laurel, is an evergreen tree native to the Mediterranean region. It typically grows as a small to medium-sized tree with dense, glossy, dark green leaves that are highly aromatic. These leaves are widely used as a culinary herb—commonly called bay leaves—to flavor soups, stews, and sauces. In addition to its culinary value, bay laurel is also cultivated as an ornamental plant for hedges, topiary, and landscaping due to its attractive foliage and tolerance of pruning. Historically, it has cultural significance as well, symbolizing honor and victory in ancient Greece and Rome.
Risks & Threats:
Although bay laurel is not known to be naturalized in Hawaii, it does possess traits that are cause for concern. It can reproduce by seed and may persist in suitable climates, particularly in mild, mesic environments similar to parts of the Hawaiian Islands. Its ability to form dense growth and tolerate a range of conditions raises the possibility that it could compete with native vegetation if it were to escape cultivation. While there is currently no clear evidence of invasive behavior in Hawaii, caution is recommended to ensure that it will not negatively impact local ecosystems. Ongoing evaluation and responsible planting practices are encouraged.
High Risk Traits:
- Broad climate suitability
- Able to grow in tropical and subtropical climates
- Naturalized (although native range not known)
- Controlled as a weed in New Zealand
- Highly flammable foliage may increase fire risk
- Shade-tolerant
- Tolerates many soil types
- Reproduces by seeds and root suckers
- Seeds dispersed by birds and intentionally by people
- Able to resprout after cutting, heavy pruning or fire
Low Risk Traits:
- No reports of naturalization in the Hawaiian Islands to date
- Unarmed (no spines, thorns or burrs)
- Provides fodder for livestock
- Ornamental and culinary uses
- Dioecious
- Recalcitrant seeds rapidly lose viability
