Family: Lauraceae

High Risk Traits:

• Broad climate suitability and elevation range
  
• Thrives, and can spread in regions with tropical climates
  
• Naturalized in South Africa, Comoros, Mauritius, Reunion, Mayotte, and New Caledonia (no evidence in the Hawaiian Islands to date)
  
• A weed of open, disturbed habitats and an environmental weed in some locations
  
• Tolerates many soil types (not substrate limited)
  
• Reproduces by seeds and vegetatively by root suckers
  
• Seeds dispersed by birds, other fruit eating animals, and intentionally by people
  
• Able to coppice and resprout after cutting

Low Risk Traits:

• Unarmed (no spines, thorns, or burrs)
  
• Young leaves provide fodder for livestock
  
• Not reported to be toxic
  
• A light-demanding tree (dense shade may inhibit ability to establish and spread)
  
• Dioecious
  
• Recalcitrant seeds unlikely to persist in the seed bank