Family: Campanulaceae
High Risk Traits:
- Broad climate suitability (5 hardiness zones)
- Naturalized in Japan
- Generally regarded as a weed or weedy within native range
- Related Lobelia species have become invasive
- Toxic to animals and people
- Self-compatible
- Able to reach maturity in one year (annual)
- Seeds dispersed by wind, internally by animals and intentionally by people
- Forms a persistent seed bank
Low Risk Traits:
- Unarmed (no spines, thorns or burrs)
- Medicinal value
- Not known to spread vegetatively