Family: Caprifoliaceae

High Risk Traits:

• Broad climate suitability (zones 5B–9A)
  
• History of repeated introductions outside native range (Illinois, Hawaii, Japan)
  
• Congeneric weeds exist (L. maackii, L. japonica, L. involucrata)
  
• Shade tolerant
  
• Wide soil tolerance (including sand, clay, salt, drought)
  
• Climbing/smothering vine growth habit
  
• Dispersed intentionally by people (ornamental)
  
• Tolerates heavy pruning
  
• Likely controllable by herbicides (based on congeners)

Low Risk Traits:

• No evidence of naturalization or weediness
  
• No spines, thorns, or burrs
  
• No allelopathy, parasitism, or toxicity
  
• Low flammability
  
• Does not form dense thickets
  
• Fruits rarely (limited seed production)
  
• Requires specialist pollinators (hummingbirds)
  
• No vegetative fragmentation spread
  
• No persistent seed bank
  
• No wind, water, or unintentional dispersal